In the context of title, what does “against encumbrances” refer to?

The phrase "against encumbrances" in the context of a property title signifies that the property is free from any legal claims or liabilities that could affect ownership. When a title is conveyed "against encumbrances," it assures the buyer that there are no mortgages, liens, judgments, or other burdens that would interfere with their ownership rights. This concept is crucial in real estate transactions, as it provides peace of mind to the buyer regarding their investment.

While the other options might seem relevant, they do not accurately capture the essence of what it means to be "against encumbrances." A guarantee of ownership transfer focuses on the transaction aspect rather than the property's legal standing, describing physical property boundaries pertains to the geographical scope of the property rather than any legal claims against it, and a listing of property taxes owed specifically addresses financial obligations, not legal encumbrances. Thus, the correct understanding revolves around ensuring that the property in question is devoid of burdens that could complicate ownership.